A sustainable economy is understood to be the ability to promote economic development in a way that is sustainable both from a social point of view, thus avoiding any kind of unequal treatment, and from an economic point of view, generating generally widespread prosperity, and also from an environmental point of view, avoiding harming the environment and nature so as to ensure a prosperous future for future generations.

Commitment to a sustainable economy means investing in projects concerning the digitisation of the economy, science, research andinnovation.

It is therefore an economy that is capable of generating value in the long term, but which also aims not to undermine future social and environmental conditions.

The objectives of mutual funds that want to support sustainable economy projects can be particularly varied: they can be divided into activities that are strictly related to digitalisation and innovation, activities that are based on stakeholder interaction on the importance of a sustainable economy, activities that are aimed at smoothing out social differences, and activities that directly affect corporate governance. These are all enormously different approaches to achieving the same result of a sustainable economy in the long term.

Sustainable investors use different management strategies:
- The Exclusion Approach: many funds exclude those Society that cause damage to the environment, do not comply with labour and child labour standards or obtain income from controversial activities or arms sales.
- The Thematic Approach: some funds only invest in themes directly related to the sustainable economy such as digitisation, circular economy, big data and artificial intelligence, and climate change adaptation and mitigation.
- The Regulatory approach: some funds pay particular attention to international regulations on guidelines for multinationals (OECD) and workers' rights (ILO).
- Best practice: funds engage in monitoring and evaluating the ESG performance of their holdings.
- Engagement: many funds engage in engagement activities and participate directly in decisions taken by the assemblies of which they are members.

We use more than 120 criteria to assess the relative importance of economic sustainability in various mutual funds.

The best-performing funds usually activate at least 3 strategies: at the Screening level, there is a focus on strategies to exclude Society and countries that cause harm to the environment or that ignore the rights of workers (employees and collaborators of their suppliers). In addition, it is increasingly common, in order to have proper ESG Risk management, to see forms of ongoing dialogue with senior management, in addition toengagement in the Shareholders' Meeting of the investees. We also find some funds that focus on the Impact they generate and tend to follow themes and treds that are aimed at making theeconomy more sustainable (AI, Smart cities, digitalization).

Economic sustainability is at the heart of the EUGreen Deal - the European Union's sustainable finance plan. The plan aims to engage private investors in the long-term transformation of the economy, along with public players.

Despite the critical nature of the issue, the EU has not at present indicated any precise impact indicators that sustainable mutual funds must mandatorily measure.

the EU has defined an optional indicator, to accompany the transformation of the economy toward sustainability:

• Share of securities or bonds Not certified as "Green" according to the EU:
  is the Percentage share of investments not certified as "green," as defined by the European Union.